How to hedge non-ferrous metal prices against stock market volatility (LME). Raw material prices on global stock exchanges are prone to sudden changes and fluctuations. These fluctuations can have a significant impact on the earnings of companies involved in production as well as companies trading in secondary raw materials. Therefore, companies that use raw materials in their operations should have price hedging strategies,...
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CO2 present in PVC materials: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the production of 1 tonne of PVC can vary significantly depending on the technology used at the production facility, the energy source, the composition of the raw materials, and the environmental practices of the manufacturer. In general, the production of 1 tonne of PVC can generate between approximately 1.5 and 2.5 tonnes of CO2. However, this figure is ...
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What are aluminium alloys (series)? Aluminium alloys are materials constructed by combining aluminium with other metals or additives. The main objective is to obtain a material that combines the best properties of aluminium with the additional advantages of other metals. The result is an alloy with specific characteristics that are suitable for a variety of applications. Aluminium alloys represent a fascinating area in the field of...
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Manganese steel - what do you need to know? Manganese steel, also known as Hadfield steel, is a type of alloy steel that contains significant amounts of manganese (typically 11% to 14%). This steel is named after Sir Robert Hadfield, a Briton who pioneered research into this type of steel in the 19th century. The main purpose of adding manganese to steel...
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The idea of sustainable development - what is it? The idea of sustainable development promotes social and economic progress that takes place without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. At the heart of sustainable development theory is concern for the state of the natural environment and the preservation of its riches for the generations that come after us, which is why the idea is also often referred to as...
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What could be the lowest copper price on the LME? I don't think there is a good answer to this question however, some conclusions can be drawn based on an examination of historical data and copper mining and refining prices. Below are my thoughts after analysing industry data: The cost of mining 1 tonne of copper in ore can vary from period to period....
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CO2 emissions, and Recycling The production of different metals and alloys from primary raw materials generates different amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) depending on the technology used, energy source and other factors. Below are estimates of CO2 emissions for the production of selected metals: Aluminium: Aluminium production using the electrolytic method (Hall-Héroult method) is very energy intensive and can generate between 9 and 12...
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